Searching through the entire precondition for human development, Peace is withoutdoubt the most fundamental and indispensable. In its absence, it would be illusory toexpect an improvement of the human condition. Africa, a continent with contrastingbeauty has faced tough situation from within and outside of its territories over centuriesago. This continent has fought wars, engaged in deadly bloodshed battle all in theirattempt to rediscover themselves. This approach can never gain a true peace for Africa.Realizing true peace in Africa can only be achieved without war of any kind.

The problem of poverty and how to reduce it remains the most pressing dilemma in the international development debate. More specifically, two questions are at the heart of much of academic research and public policy for development, namely: what is it that makes Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) the poorest region in the world and what can be done to deliver the sustainable and broad-based economic growth required to address this? This paper seeks to provide an introduction to current debates on these two interrelated questions.

Information is power and the most critically sought commodity in today’s world. Thosethat control the information are usually seemed to be the most powerful in ourcontemporary society. Therefore, for the past thirty years, there has been a controversyresulting from accusation and counter accusation of imbalance flow of information fromthe west to south. The purported victims which are the developing nations have beenraging bitterly over the news coverage of events in their continent and have denouncedwestern newspapers, journals, and television outlets for their alleged sensationalism andanti-development bias [1]. Due to this controversy, on several accounts, developingnations have attempted to engage the western nations through different channels toaddress the issue of global information inequality. One that may readily comes to mind isthe UNESCO meetings in 1969[2], 1974 [3] 1976[4] 1980[5] consecutively, where theUNESCO group of experts on mass communication and society noted in its disturbingbut revealing report that: What has come to be known as the free flow of information atthe present time is often in fact a one way rather than a true exchange of information [5].In retaliation, western world has equally charged the developing world of seeking toobstruct the free flow of information and insist to make no change in the informationflow which they regard as a threat to the freedom to report, to print, and to broadcastnews [1]. This charge and counter-charge is far from abating and in fact is gatheringmomentum as it persists in many developing countries as they are well aware of the valueof information in speeding material development and in maintaining power. In this paperhowever, the author will be discussing the developing world perception of new worldinformation order, seeking to find what changes they expect from it. The essay will alsoattempt to identify the positions taken by these disputants by closely looking at the and those demanding journalistic freedom. And finally we will explore the issuesunderlying the dispute and attempt to proffer solutions where necessary.

Land administration under the uniform system of land tenure, which Nigeria has practised since 1978 is centralized. This has reduced the scope for public participation in decision-making and hampered efforts to promote access to land. This paper examines the key features of land administration in Nigeria. It goes on to discuss recent developments in environmental governance, particularly the introduction of legal instruments, which guarantee procedural rights such as access to information, the right to participate in decision-making and access to justice. It recommends that land administration in Nigeria should similarly comprehend a regime, which guarantees procedural rights.

Issues related to immigration and integration are nowadays subject of more or less confus- ing debates. Nevertheless, the range of knowledge on these topics is now quite broad, reliable and accurate that amalgams, misconceptions and other falsehoods should no longer be. What realities are hidden behind the term ’immigration’? What should a real integra- tion strategy be? what do Finns really know about Black African cultures and immigration to Finland? is there a ’Black’ problem in Finland? why this hatred of frizzy-haired people? why the color before the competences at hiring? have Black Africans comitted an offence of ’filthy face’? are delinquency and ethnical origins linked? ··· Through a series of papers, the author will present a complex, finely-shaded panorama of the Black African immigration and integration in Finland, out of the intellectual modes and futile controversies. The present paper, the first of the series, will review historical and cultural facts, concepts and terminologies, in order to explain and make understand the nature of the Black Africans, the social dynamics of their exile and expatriation. Moreover, the paper will look into the complexity of this migratory phenomenon: the various channels of the Black African immi- gration, the inappropriate use of the term ’immigrant’, the quest of identities in a country that does not ”take in”, the stigmatizations...and the integration policies that should aim at preserv- ing the integrity of the immigrants in general. The last two papers will present the difficulties for Black African graduants to integrate the Finnish labor market, as well as draft solutions, and an in-depth analysis on the current outlooks if we do not want ”our environment” to become unbearable and violent in the long run. The author hopes this will be the kick-off of a ”frank and open”national debate (among friends, neighbors, work colleagues, politics, social partners, etc) that will, in the long run, allow us to rethink of a more consistent and coherent approach to immigration and integration that will help Black Africans to combine their differences with other racial groups in Finland, especially with the Finns, in order to be able to live together, for a better Finland.